Hong Kong + Shenzhen" under the framework of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area construction

Zhang Yuge

A cluster of cities with multiple centers rather than a single center is one of the important characteristics of the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau Greater Bay Area (hereafter referred to as the Greater Bay Area). The merits and demerits of this characteristic have been debated for decades. There are studies from different perspectives and logical views. As an objective existence, the formation of this characteristic is inevitable and contingent, and a simple affirmation or denial is inevitably arbitrary or biased. In a certain sense, this is mainly a practical issue rather than a purely theoretical one. The Outline of the Plan for the Development of the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao (hereinafter referred to as "the Outline of the Greater Bay Area") puts forward the concepts of "poles", "central cities", and "core engines", but there is no single city that has exclusive access to them. This is actually a recognition of this characteristic, and the multi-center city cluster development pattern of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau remains the same.

The development of the central city, in a sense, determines the rhythm, path and goals of regional development. The key to regional development is to optimize and strengthen the functions of the central cities and to give full play to the radiation-driven role of the central cities. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is no exception. In the Outline of the Greater Bay Area, both Hong Kong and Shenzhen are clearly defined as the central cities and core engines of the Greater Bay Area, and "Hong Kong - Shenzhen", together with "Guangzhou - Foshan" and "Macao - Zhuhai", constitute the three major poles of the Greater Bay Area. Hong Kong-Shenzhen", together with "Guangzhou-Foshan" and "Macao-Zhuhai", constitute the three major poles of the Greater Bay Area, and the "Hong Kong-Shenzhen" pole has the most radiation capacity and driving function. "Macau and Zhuhai are close by, and Vancouver and Seattle are far away, but there is no group of cities on both sides of the border that have such a large economic and population size and are geographically close to each other. Even within the same economy, there is no similar situation". 1) The uniqueness of the relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen is thus not only Chinese, but also global.

The relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen has always been an issue of concern to the academic community. Since the concept of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was proposed, the study of "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Hong Kong" involves Shenzhen, and the study of Shenzhen's positioning and development in the Greater Bay Area is inseparable from Hong Kong. For example, some scholars have proposed that "Hong Kong The concept of "Shenzhen City Cluster" (②), and some scholars proposed "the realization of the Greater Bay Area industrial chain of 'Hong Kong creation, Shenzhen pilot production, and Pearl River Delta mass production'" (③).

Some scholars have proposed the goal of "combining Hong Kong's R&D strengths with Shenzhen's high-tech manufacturing capabilities to take the lead in forming an innovation-driven model. In a certain sense, Hong Kong and Shenzhen have become key influencing factors in each other's positioning. As the two central cities of the Greater Bay Area, the overlapping effect of Hong Kong and Shenzhen will play a more important core engine function in the construction of the Greater Bay Area. The theme of this paper is "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" under the framework of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area construction. The so-called "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is an abbreviation for the relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, which includes various aspects, such as the relationship at the strategic and tactical levels, the relationship between cooperation and not limited to cooperation, the relationship between division of labor and healthy competition, and so on. This paper will analyze the uniqueness of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" and its importance to the construction of the Greater Bay Area, based on the discussion of the "Outline of the Greater Bay Area" and the characteristics of the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area. On the basis of reviewing and describing the historical evolution and current development of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen", we look forward to the future development; and make relevant suggestions to enhance and strengthen the "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" relationship. I. Characteristics of Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Greater Bay Area and "Hong Kong + Shenzhen The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is not a single economic development strategy, but a comprehensive national strategy integrating politics, economy, society, culture and even internal affairs and diplomacy, with multiple meanings and functions. It is necessary to combine the basic characteristics of the Greater Bay Area, accurately understand the important concepts of pole-led, central city and core engine, and accurately position "Hong Kong + Shenzhen". (1) Basic Features of the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau In summary, there are six basic features of the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau Greater Bay Area. First, in terms of national strategy, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a major development strategy for the region and also carries the historical mission of opening up to the outside world and national rejuvenation. The planning area of the Greater Bay Area includes the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong, which is an obvious feature of the national regional development strategy. The construction of the Greater Bay Area is "a new attempt to promote the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening in the new era, and a new practice to promote the development of 'one country, two systems'" (5), which embodies the national strategy of opening up, national unification and national rejuvenation. Unlike the "Belt and Road" construction, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei joint development, and Yangtze River Economic Belt construction, the construction of the Greater Bay Area appears in the Central Government's relevant documents in the discussion of matters involving Hong Kong and Macao, which is the focus of the construction of the Greater Bay Area, which is more prominent in the "Outline of the Greater Bay Area". Second, in terms of development status, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Greater Bay Area is already a world-class bay area, but it is not yet a world-class bay area. Compared with New York, San Francisco and Tokyo, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Greater Bay Area has the largest area and the largest population, and is expected to surpass New York Bay Area in terms of GDP and follow Tokyo Bay Area in terms of GDP. In terms of scale and quantitative indicators, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Greater Bay Area is not inferior and can be said to be a world-class bay area. However, the per capita GDP of Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Greater Bay Area is about 50% of that of Tokyo Bay Area, 30% of that of New York Bay Area and 20% of that of San Francisco Bay Area, which is a huge difference. The number of Global 500 companies in the Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Bay Area is the lowest, less than 30% of that in the Tokyo Bay Area. In terms of efficiency and quality indicators, the Greater Bay Area is not yet a world-class bay area. It is for this reason that the Outline of the Greater Bay Area emphasizes the need to "build a model for quality development". Third, in terms of historical evolution, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Great Bay Area is a "coexistence of historical factors". The Bay Area economy has its roots in the "geographic discovery" of the 15th century, and entered a rapid development stage during the Second World War, especially after the end of World War II, with the new pattern of globalization development. The Bay Area economy has generally gone through four stages of development: port economy, industrial economy, service economy, and innovation economy, with the latter stage usually forming (not entirely) a "substitute" for the former stage and showing different characteristics. For example, the San Francisco Bay Area is a typical innovation economy, the New York Bay Area has both service economy and innovation economy characteristics, and the Tokyo Bay Area has a mix of service economy, innovation economy, and industrial economy characteristics. For example, the port container throughput is 4.5 times that of the three world-class Bay Area combined, and the manufacturing industry is developing strongly, which is typical of port economy and industrial economy. At the same time, Hong Kong is a global financial center, Shenzhen is active in technology and industrial innovation, and the Greater Bay Area has the characteristics of a service economy and an innovation economy. The "historical factors" of the four different stages are mixed and inclusive and coexist, a characteristic unique to the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau Greater Bay Area.

Fourth, in terms of development direction, the "Bay Area of Science and Technology" is the primary goal of the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. The "prequel" of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area can be traced back to the "Hong Kong Bay Area" ("Hong Kong-Shenzhen Bay Area") proposed by Mr. K. W. Ng, the founding president of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 1998. (6) Hong Kong and Shenzhen have a deep "love knot" for technology and innovation. Soon after the handover, Hong Kong proposed the development direction of technology and innovation, but unfortunately, the result was not effective, and technology and innovation became a "dream to be realized" in Hong Kong. Shenzhen, on the other hand, has become the flagship and benchmark city of the Mainland in terms of technological innovation, and is on its way to realize the "dream of technological innovation". Under the framework of the construction of the Greater Bay Area, science and technology innovation is not only an "optional action" of the city, but also a "required action" of the country. The construction of an international science and technology innovation center is listed as the primary task in the Outline of the Greater Bay Area, which is a clear requirement of the country for the construction of the Greater Bay Area. Compared with the world's first-class bay area, the technological innovation capacity of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay Area needs to be improved, the efficient flow of technological innovation factors and resources needs to be optimized, and technological innovation synergy needs to be strengthened. Fifth, in terms of urban pattern, the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau Bay Area is a city cluster without a single central city. New York City and Tokyo are the core of the New York Bay Area and Tokyo Bay Area, both in terms of market-driven and administrative planning, and no other city can compete. The New York Bay Area has New York City as its core city, with Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, and Baltimore as its secondary cities, plus the surrounding areas, forming a spatial pattern of central city-sub-center city-small and medium-sized cities; the Tokyo Bay Area has a spatial pattern of main center area-sub-center area-suburban area-frontier prefectural area, with Tokyo City driving large-scale industrial agglomeration and urban sprawl; as for the San Francisco Bay Area, the three central cities are the main cities. In the San Francisco Bay Area, the three central cities of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose have experienced a successive development process, but there is only one central city at a particular point in time. In the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are each leading the way and each has its own strengths. At the same time, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau-Great Bay Area is a region that needs to strengthen city synergy and avoid vicious competition and localism. Therefore, it is an important part of the construction of the Greater Bay Area to realize the division of labor and synergy among cities through market competition. Sixth, the institutional mechanism, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Great Bay Area to implement the "one country, two systems", Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao belong to different customs territory, the free flow of factors can not. On the one hand, the free flow of factors is the basic premise of the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, and is an important support for the construction of the Greater Bay Area. On the other hand, at this stage, the appropriate control of factor flow between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is necessary. Because Hong Kong and Macao and the Mainland there are differences in legal systems, development stage differences, spatial size disparity and asymmetric differences in carrying capacity. This actually means that the factor flow problem, which does not exist in other bay areas, has become the biggest, most important and most important problem to be solved in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau and the Greater Bay Area. The level of factor mobility determines the characteristics of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and also determines and influences the future development of the Greater Bay Area. (ii) "Hong Kong - Shenzhen" and "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" According to the "Outline of the Greater Bay Area", the spatial layout of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has two major features: First, "Pole-driven. Give full play to Hong Kong - Shenzhen, Guangzhou - Foshan, Macau - Zhuhai strong joint leading driving role". The second is "optimization and upgrading of central cities. Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the four major cities as the core engine of regional development. In a certain sense, this spatial layout can be regarded as an upgraded version of the Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008-2020) 10 years ago, with the addition of Hong Kong and Macao to the planning area, replacing the descriptions of "east coast" and "west coast" with the concept of city grouping, highlighting the "poles". The concept of "East Coast" and "West Coast" has been replaced by the concept of city clusters, highlighting the leading role of "poles". At the same time, the "Greater Bay Area Outline" has established four "central cities" and "core engines", and Hong Kong and Macao are ranked before Guangzhou and Shenzhen, indicating that the "central cities" and "core engines" are more of a "central city" and "core engine". The "core engine" is more of a comprehensive and functional consideration, and the economic volume (in descending order, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Macao) is only a consideration. By any measure, Hong Kong-Shenzhen is the most important. In terms of "pole drive", Hong Kong-Shenzhen is the only "pole" composed of two central cities and two core engines. In terms of economic volume, the combined GDP of "Hong Kong - Shenzhen" exceeded RMB 4.8 trillion in 2018, about RMB 1.5 trillion higher than that of "Guangzhou - Foshan". The Outline of the Greater Bay Area emphasizes that Hong Kong should "consolidate and enhance its status as an international financial, shipping and trade center and an international aviation hub", while Shenzhen should "accelerate the development of a modern and international city and strive to become an innovative and creative capital with world influence". "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is equivalent to "service + innovation", which not only fully embodies the characteristics of the Greater Bay Area, but also focuses on the development trend of the Greater Bay Area: "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is a regional development strategy for the construction of the Greater Bay Area, an openness to the outside world, and the development trend of the Greater Bay Area. Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is the greatest commitment to the regional development strategy, the opening-up strategy and the mission of national rejuvenation; it is the core driving force of the Greater Bay Area to build a world-class bay area and a model of high-quality development; it is the core driving force of the development of the Greater Bay Area.

It is an important guide for the development of innovation and service economy; a primary platform for the Greater Bay Area to build a world-class science and technology bay area and to take the lead in exploring innovation-driven development mode; a key for the Greater Bay Area to strengthen the synergy of urban division of labor and to activate the efficiency of urban agglomeration; a testing ground and breakthrough for the Greater Bay Area to explore the innovation of institutional mechanism under "one country, two systems" and to promote the efficient and convenient flow of factors. It is the test site and breakthrough place for the Greater Bay Area to explore the innovation of institutional mechanism under "one country, two systems" and promote the efficient and convenient flow of factors. Of course, the "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" proposal is mainly due to the special relationship between the two neighboring cities, the radiation capacity and driving effect formed by the overlap of the economic volume and urban functions of the two cities, not to change the spatial layout and development pattern of the Greater Bay Area. In a multi-core, multi-polar city cluster development pattern, "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" can best produce the multiplier effect of "1 + 1 > 2", and can play a unique role in forming the endogenous momentum of the development of the Greater Bay Area and ensuring the smooth progress and stability of the construction of the Greater Bay Area. It can play a unique role in forming the endogenous momentum of the development of the Greater Bay Area and ensuring the smooth progress and stability of the Greater Bay Area. The historical evolution, current development and future development of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen The historical evolution, current status and future development of the relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen have laid the foundation and provided support for the status and importance of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" in the construction of the Greater Bay Area. (A) 1980 ~ 2018: The historical evolution of Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation⑦ The development of Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation in the past 40 years can be broadly divided into three stages as follows: The first stage was the private (market) oriented cooperation from 1980 to 1997. At this stage, before the handover of Hong Kong, the main driving force of Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation came from the private sector and enterprises, and was based on the laws of market economy, among which Hong Kong businessmen were an important leading force. Shenzhen's urban planning and construction is embodied in the "Hong Kong orientation", which starts from the east to the west along the Hong Kong-Shenzhen border: firstly, relying on the Luohu Port, Luohu District takes the lead in development and construction, and is the "most Hong Kong-like" urban area in the Mainland; secondly, relying on the Huanggang Port (and later the Futian Port), Futian District takes the lead in development and construction. Futian Port), Futian District to speed up the development and construction; then is based on the Shenzhen Bay Port, Nanshan District development and construction speed. The main reason for this is to attract investment from Hong Kong. Hong Kong businessmen take advantage of the economic gap between the two places and policy differences, the production process transferred to Shenzhen and the surrounding areas, while the design, marketing and other service functions remain in Hong Kong, forming a "front store and back factory" model. The relocation of Hong Kong's manufacturing industry has accelerated the industrialization process in Shenzhen, while Hong Kong has completed the industrial transformation from manufacturing to service industry. Overall, the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, which is based on industrial transfer and undertaking, has had an important impact on both places: Hong Kong has helped Shenzhen to take off, and Shenzhen has helped Hong Kong to transform. The second stage is the cooperation during the adjustment period from 1997 to 2003. After the mid-1990s, the preferential policy of opening up the country to the outside world It began to tilt toward the Yangtze River Delta. After the abolition of the SAR Office of the State Council in 1998, Shenzhen entered a period of adjustment and needed to rely more on its own strength. In 2003, the theme of "Who will abandon you? In 2003, the discussion around "Shenzhen, who will abandon you? The discussion in 2003 was both the climax and the end of the adjustment period, and Shenzhen began to gradually emerge from the trough. At the same time, Hong Kong was strongly hit by the Asian financial crisis at the time of the handover, and the economy was in the doldrums, compounded by the SARS crisis that broke out in 2003. After the handover, the close cooperation between the Hong Kong and Shenzhen governments did not happen as expected. Instead, as each government faced its own challenges, the Hong Kong and Shenzhen governments focused on solving their own problems. In terms of the development pattern of industrial transfer, after the 1990s, the basis of Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation has changed in reality, and the vertical division of labor pattern of economic cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, marked by "front store and back factory", began to shift to horizontal division of labor. During this period, Shenzhen's industrial development has performed well, such as high-tech, port logistics, financial services, etc.. Some of these industries are complementary to Hong Kong, while others compete with Hong Kong. Although knowledgeable people have proposed to make use of the comparative advantages of Hong Kong and Shenzhen to vigorously develop high-tech industries, the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen high-tech industries is constrained by the difference in the functions of the two governments and the control of the flow of factors. This stage of Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation is still characterized by market-oriented, community-driven, and Hong Kong-invested-led. At the level of cooperation driving force and main body of cooperation, mainly the private sector and enterprises, the government-led cooperation is not yet rare. The content of cooperation is mainly in the manufacturing industry, some production sites, port facilities and urban infrastructure such as transportation, water and electricity. In terms of hard environment, there is less cooperation in terms of operation mechanism, urban functions and urban planning. The third stage is the cooperation between the government and the community since 2003. In 2003, the Central Government and the Hong Kong SAR Government signed the

In 2004, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Cooperation Conference was held for the first time, and the two governments signed the "1 + 8" agreements (i.e., the Memorandum of Understanding between the Governments of Hong Kong and Shenzhen and eight related agreements), which brought Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation to a new stage: the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, which was previously led by the private sector (market), was formally overlapped with the cooperation at the government level, forming a dual-wheeled, government-driven pattern of promoting Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation. The cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, previously led by the private sector (the market), has been overlapped with the cooperation at the government level, forming a two-wheeled pattern of cooperation between the private sector and government. The establishment of the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Cooperation Conference mechanism marked the regularization and institutionalization of Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation. At this stage, the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen is comprehensive and multi-level, and the cooperation in industry, society, people's livelihood, ecology, public services and urban management has been expanded and deepened.

The historical evolution of the relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen shows that Shenzhen mainly played the role of "enclave" of Hong Kong in the early stage of development, and was the "plug-in" of Hong Kong. The process, shape and composition of Shenzhen's industrialization and urbanization have been influenced and radiated by Hong Kong. Nowadays, Shenzhen has formed a relatively self-contained industrial system and urban spatial layout, but the Hong Kong factor is still visible everywhere and has penetrated into the urban fabric. In a sense, for each other, Hong Kong and Shenzhen are not external factors, but endogenous variables. Recognizing this is necessary to understand the special nature of the relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen and the importance of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen".

(2) "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" of "You in me, I in you"

According to the "North to South 2017" Cross-boundary Travel Survey released by the HKSAR Government Planning Department, nearly 670,000 cross-border trips were made between Hong Kong and the Mainland every day in 2017, which is equivalent to a moving medium-sized city, and the cross-border population mainly consists of three categories: people living in Hong Kong

(48.0%, about 320,000 visits), Hong Kong residents living in the Mainland (17.5%, about 117,000 visits), Mainland residents (32.5%, about 21.7 visits)

The number of trips made by Hong Kong residents in the Mainland was about 210,000.) Among those living in Hong Kong, 68.4% were destined for Shenzhen, with about 219,000 trips; among Hong Kong residents living in the Mainland

90.8% live in Shenzhen, about 106,000 trips; 58.5% of the Mainland residents coming to Hong Kong come from Shenzhen, about 127,000 trips. That is, daily

More than 450,000 people travelled between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, accounting for 67.8% of the total number of cross-border trips between Hong Kong and the Mainland.

Leisure activities such as shopping, gourmet food and tourism are the main demands of Hong Kong-Shenzhen cross-border people, but Hong Kong-Shenzhen business exchanges are also very close. Data from the Planning Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government for the last three survey years show that the total number of cross-border trips to work and cross-border business trips has shown an undulating and slightly decreasing development trend. The number of cross-border commuters decreased slightly from 17,400 per day in 2013 to 17,300 per day in 2017, while the total number of cross-border commuters decreased slightly to 15,000 in the same period. The number of cross-border workers from the Mainland increased from 24,000 in 2013 to 25,300, with 98.5% of them living in Shenzhen. Shenzhen. The total number of frequent cross-border business travelers is on a downward trend, with the number of Hong Kong residents decreasing from 121,000 in 2013 to 1,000 in 2017. The number of trips made between Hong Kong and Shenzhen was 87,000 in 2009, while the number of trips made by Mainlanders decreased from 32,000 to 25,000 in the same period. Although there are no statistics on the number of cross-border business trips between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, the proportion should not be too small. It can be said that despite the decrease in total number of trips, a certain scale has been maintained, indicating that the Hong Kong-Shenzhen economy has been able to maintain its competitiveness.

Economic and business exchanges remain close and active. In fact, the relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen is much more concrete and vivid than statistics. Over the past 20 years, the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen in the areas of government coordination, industry connection, innovation linkage, public service construction, cultural exchange, cross-border living, youth entrepreneurship and employment has been rich and diverse beyond imagination. Many new companies have set up offices in Hong Kong and started business in Shenzhen; the penetration of Hong Kong R&D into Shenzhen industries is so comprehensive and deep that a "Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Silicon Valley" R&D industrial chain has been formed in a certain sense; ⑧ Tencent has absorbed nearly 100 Hong Kong people for employment, and the income of its Hong Kong executives is as high as that of Hong Kong's "The operation of Shenzhen Metro Line 4 by MTR Corporation Limited and the opening of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital demonstrate the breadth and depth of cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen in public services; in the cultural field, there is cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen in the bi-city biennial exhibition of urban architecture. After Qianhai, the two governments signed a memorandum of understanding on the development of the Lok Ma Chau Loop in early 2017, focusing on cooperation in technology and innovation. It is worth noting that in recent years, cross-border marriages account for about one-third of the number of registered marriages in Hong Kong, and the number and proportion of Hong Kong women marrying Mainland men is on the rise, and the age gap between the two sides has narrowed significantly, and the education level has improved significantly, so that they are more competitive for employment and entrepreneurship. The historical evolution of the relationship between Hong Kong and Shenzhen has created a pattern of "you in me, I in you", inseparable, intertwined and co-development between the two neighboring cities today. In a certain sense, "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is a scarce and valuable resource of the Greater Bay Area, an important support and leading drive for the construction of the Greater Bay Area, a weathervane for the construction and development of the Greater Bay Area, and an important yardstick to test the construction of the Greater Bay Area. (C) Future Development of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen First, the cooperation and competition of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" under the framework of the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. In the history of the development of Hong Kong and Shenzhen, the competition and cooperation between the two places has always been a concern. Even when the development gap between Hong Kong and Shenzhen was relatively large, this issue surfaced from time to time, and has become more prominent in the context of the construction of the Greater Bay Area. The issue of interests is the core and key of the competitive relationship, and it is the goal of Hong Kong and Shenzhen to build a healthy competitive relationship by safeguarding their core interests, enhancing common interests, and realizing the unity of overall and local interests. Besides, culture is also an important influencing factor and a key issue to be considered. Some scholars believe that Shenzhen is a northern culture (Putonghua) and Hong Kong is a southern culture (Cantonese), so Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation lacks a common language and cultural quality, instead, Hong Kong-Shenzhen cooperation has more cultural heritage and room for development. There is some truth in this view, but it is also important to see that globally, immigrant culture (heterogeneous culture in relation to local culture) has played a crucial role in the development and even the rise of some countries and cities, such as the development of the San Francisco Bay Area. Even Hong Kong itself is an example of this, as it was the resources from outside the South Guangdong culture that contributed to the development of Hong Kong's manufacturing industry, which became one of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia". The latter is more creative, more "constructive and destructive", and therefore more valuable. The second is the framework of Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Great Bay Area construction "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" services and manufacturing. The manufacturing and service industries are not only a matter of industrial structure, but also a matter of economic balance, but also a social and livelihood issue involving employment. Hong Kong's secondary industry is mainly the construction industry, the only remaining local manufacturing industry, mainly traditional industries, the scale of negligible. As for the Hong Kong-invested manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta, it is also similar to the local manufacturing industry in Hong Kong, which is mainly traditional manufacturing. Therefore, whether it is "made in Hong Kong" or "made in Hong Kong", it is not enough to become a support for Hong Kong's service industry. Shenzhen's manufacturing industry is very different from Hong Kong's. It consists of two major sectors: advanced manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing. In addition, there are strategic emerging industries consisting of new generation information technology, high-end equipment manufacturing, green and low-carbon, biomedicine, digital economy, new materials and marine economy, and future industries consisting of life and health, aerospace, robotics, wearable devices, smart equipment and marine industry, etc. The difference between Hong Kong and Shenzhen manufacturing industries is not only in terms of scale, but also in terms of quality and form. If Hong Kong's service industry needs support, it can only find it outside Hong Kong. The establishment of an industrial chain between Hong Kong's service industries and Shenzhen's manufacturing industries is one of the key points of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen". As a matter of fact, this chain of cooperation has always existed and needs to be further integrated and optimized within the framework of the Greater Bay Area. Professor Wang Jixian referred to Hong Kong and Shenzhen as the "two systems and two cities metropolitan area" and weighted the value added of each industry in the two places in 2014.

The result is that the economic structure of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is "very similar" to that of Singapore. ⑨

Professor Wang analyzed that this calculation does not mean that "Singapore's percentage is reasonable", but that "if there are two metropolises like Hong Kong and Shenzhen in close proximity, and each of them has significant differences in economic factors, such as land and housing rents, talent flow, labor costs, capital flow, freedom of trade, freedom of information, external transport connectivity, etc., industries will naturally move to the city that best suits their needs, If there are significant differences in economic factors, such as land and housing rents, talent flow, labor costs, capital flows, freedom of trade, freedom of information, and external transportation connectivity, industries will naturally move to the city that best suits their needs. The differences between the two cities, from production factors to institutions, provide more choices for different industries. ⑩ The different industries in Hong Kong and Shenzhen are developing simultaneously in the context of the industrial integration of the two places, and the industries in Hong Kong and Shenzhen are originally moving in the same direction and are integrated. This is true for Hong Kong services and Shenzhen manufacturing, as well as other industries. Thirdly, the innovation and finance of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" under the framework of the construction of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area. In today's world, it is the common choice of global financial center cities to develop innovation and technology, strengthen the deep integration of technology and finance, transform into an innovation-driven development model, and create a "finance + technology" center. New York, London, Tokyo and other global cities are strengthening their traditional financial strengths while focusing on developing innovation and technology industries. Hong Kong also needs to transform from a financial center to a "finance + technology" center. Hong Kong has the ability to innovate in technology, but the lack of technology industry; similar to Stanford University, such as university resources, but has not yet given rise to Silicon Valley, such as the development of technology enterprises for the industrial ecology. Shenzhen has a well-developed economy, a good economic foundation, and a complete innovation and technology and industry chain. "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" will effectively promote the close integration and integrated development of Hong Kong's technological R&D and innovation capabilities with the high-tech industries and general manufacturing capabilities of Shenzhen and other mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area, activating the technological resources of Hong Kong's universities, world-class R&D capabilities and It will attract Chinese multinational companies such as Huawei to use Hong Kong as a platform to go global, and nurture more high-tech enterprises like DJI Technology, where the R&D capabilities of Hong Kong are organically integrated with the industrial capabilities of Shenzhen and Dongguan, thus forming an industrial ecology conducive to the development of innovation and technology in Hong Kong, optimizing the power structure and promoting the transformation of Hong Kong. The fourth is the outward and inward orientation of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" under the framework of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Great Bay Area construction. According to Professor Lui, "as a global city, Hong Kong is in an awkward position", "because it has a border that separates this special administrative region from its neighboring regions in the Mainland". The integration of factors and resources is not only limited to the administrative area, but also through the construction of software and hardware infrastructures, to promote the integration of factors and resources in a large area and wide coverage, and to continuously optimize and enhance the functional structure of the city through the development of urban clusters together. The city's functional structure will continue to be optimized and enhanced through the development of urban agglomerations. New York, London, Tokyo, and other major cities are not living and developing as a single city, but are increasingly integrated into the surrounding metropolitan clusters. Their global status and influence also depend on the overall strength and competitiveness of their metropolitan clusters. It is in this sense that

The construction of the Greater Bay Area provides a golden opportunity for Hong Kong to enter the era of city cluster development. "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is the first step in the integration of Hong Kong into the Greater Bay Area, and is an important indicator of the extent of Hong Kong's integration into the Greater Bay Area. To do a good job of "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" is to minimize the constraints created by the "border" and to maximize the advantages brought by the "border", with Hong Kong expanding mainly outward (international) and inward (Mainland) through Shenzhen. Hong Kong will mainly expand to the Mainland through Shenzhen, and Shenzhen will mainly expand to the Mainland through Hong Kong, each with its own emphasis and in concert with the other, so as to jointly play a leading role in the construction of the Greater Bay Area. Under the framework of the Greater Bay Area, Hong Kong and Shenzhen should "make use of each other and work together for a win-win situation". "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" can be specified as "4 + 4": Hong Kong outward (international) + Shenzhen inward (Mainland); Hong Kong's radiation function (financial investment) + Shenzhen's spillover function (industry chain expansion); Hong Kong's service (industrial and commercial support) + Shenzhen's manufacturing (high-tech industries); Hong Kong's R&D (invention and intellectual property protection) + Shenzhen's innovation (new industry platform). High-tech industries); Hong Kong R&D (invention and intellectual property protection) + Shenzhen innovation (new industry platform). 3. Future-oriented "Hong Kong + Shenzhen": comprehensive and multi-disciplinary cooperation Under the framework of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area construction, the future-oriented "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" should be a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary in-depth cooperation, including political, economic, social, cultural, livelihood, ecological and other areas. Specific proposals are as follows (i) Enriching Hong Kong people's "national daily experience" "Supporting the integration of Hong Kong and Macao into the overall development of the country" is one of the main objectives of the construction of the Greater Bay Area. In this regard, Shenzhen can provide Hong Kong residents, especially young people, with "national daily life experience space". The so-called "national daily life experience" is to deeply integrate into the country and to fully understand the political, economic, social and cultural aspects of the country, instead of just going through the motions. Through the experience of daily life, we can further strengthen the national concept, national awareness and national identity. In this regard, Shenzhen can focus on the following tasks. The first is to carry out "Go to Hong Kong and Shenzhen" activities. Despite the fact that Hong Kong and Shenzhen are separated by a river, there is a lack of in-depth and systematic understanding of each other, and Hong Kong youths' understanding of Shenzhen is particularly inadequate. Organizations in Hong Kong and Shenzhen should cooperate to launch the "Go to Hong Kong and Shenzhen" campaign, inviting renowned Shenzhen experts and scholars to give a series of lectures on the development model and characteristics of Shenzhen, the history and areas of cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, as well as the conflicts and problems in development and cooperation, so that Hong Kong youth can systematically understand and know the development of Shenzhen, the history of cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, and the development vision of Hong Kong and Shenzhen. They will be able to understand the Mainland through Shenzhen and gradually build up an objective understanding and strengthen their national identity. Second, to guide and support Hong Kong young people to start their own businesses in Shenzhen. Take advantage of the superiority of Shenzhen's high-tech development over that of Hong Kong to implement the Shenzhen High-Tech Company Internship Program for Hong Kong youth (students). Cooperate with relevant organizations in Hong Kong to organize and arrange internships for Hong Kong youths (students) in Shenzhen high-tech companies to understand the development of high-tech industries in Shenzhen and to build a platform to provide Hong Kong youths with an additional choice for future employment; promote joint innovation and entrepreneurship education in Hong Kong and Shenzhen universities to provide Hong Kong university students who wish to start their own businesses with opportunities for practical operation and accumulation of experience, so as to provide guidance and development space for Hong Kong youths to start their own businesses. Third, to strengthen the interaction between Shenzhen entrepreneurs and Hong Kong youth. Regular forums will be held to invite young entrepreneurs from Shenzhen to meet with Hong Kong youths face-to-face to build a communication platform between Shenzhen's top entrepreneurs and Hong Kong youths. According to the interests and needs of Hong Kong youth, we invite young entrepreneurs in Shenzhen's high-tech industries and the new generation of entrepreneurs with overseas and Hong Kong backgrounds who are starting their own businesses in Shenzhen to interact with Hong Kong youth. (2) Building an International Centre for Science and Technology Innovation in the Greater Bay Area In terms of building an international science and technology innovation center in the Greater Bay Area, one is to jointly strengthen the construction of national-level research institutions. The number and level of national-level research institutions in a region or city is a key factor in the competitiveness of regional innovation. National-level research institutions are an important path for Hong Kong to enhance its position in the national innovation system, as well as a core element and an important support for Shenzhen to build an innovation and creativity capital. Therefore, it is necessary for Hong Kong and Shenzhen to jointly or individually strengthen the efforts to set up national research institutions, and to internalize their own resources, markets and advantages when setting up national research institutions. Second, to build Hong Kong and Shenzhen knowledge and technology innovation system. Promote the integration of scientific research elements and resources in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, and promote universities, research institutions, and other research institutes.

The company's R&D platform is a seamless linkage between the company, enterprises, intermediaries and the government. One of the key points is to promote the common construction and sharing of R&D platforms. With the help of existing cooperation carriers, we will build and share technology R&D platforms that mainly provide research and development of cutting-edge technologies, major common and key technologies, testing and inspection platforms that mainly provide testing and inspection conditions, technology information platforms that mainly provide information services such as scientific and technological documents, standards and intelligence, and technology transfer platforms that mainly provide services to facilitate the transfer of technological achievements. The second important point is to stimulate the potential of Hong Kong's higher education institutions. Support Hong Kong universities to further increase the efforts to operate schools or conduct research and development in Shenzhen, forming a spillover effect. Third, the establishment of a Hong Kong-Shenzhen venture capital center. Establish appropriate channels to bring Hong Kong venture capital into Shenzhen, so that the Hong Kong venture capital market can cover both Hong Kong and Shenzhen. At the same time, Shenzhen needs to make use of the platform of the High Tech Expo and Forum to showcase and promote the research achievements and even research projects and directions of the Mainland and the Greater Bay Area to attract the attention of Hong Kong venture capital; encourage and support Shenzhen enterprises and R&D institutions to go to Hong Kong for roadshows from time to time, so as to attract venture capital with the research achievements already achieved and to sustain and deepen the R&D activities; gradually improve the property rights market and securities market in Shenzhen, and carry out the shareholding transformation of high-tech enterprises through the outbound investment. We also encourage and support Shenzhen enterprises and R&D institutions to conduct regular roadshows in Hong Kong to attract venture capital by means of the scientific research results they have achieved, so that R&D activities can be sustained and deepened. Fourth, there is a division of labor to serve enterprises at different stages of innovation. Relatively speaking, Hong Kong's well-developed international network and perfect legal system are more suitable for enterprises with considerable strength to upgrade their development and "go global" development; Shenzhen's relative cost advantage and stronger supporting capacity are more suitable for enterprises at the initial stage of entrepreneurship and innovation. It is necessary to form a relative division of labor between the two places in order to serve enterprises at different stages of innovation. One of the main points is to create a business paradise for Hong Kong and Shenzhen youths in Shenzhen, to provide an industrial carrier for Hong Kong and Shenzhen youths to start their own businesses, and to bring in Hong Kong and Shenzhen young entrepreneurs to operate. The second focus is to attract Shenzhen enterprises that have passed the start-up stage and have certain strengths to enter Hong Kong and set up offices, R&D center branches or laboratories in Hong Kong, so as to extend and expand to Hong Kong the links in the industrial chain of "production - R&D - design - sales" other than production, and use Hong Kong as an alternative for Shenzhen enterprises to carry out R&D and We will use Hong Kong as an alternative for Shenzhen enterprises to conduct R&D and an important platform for "going out" to expand overseas business, and inject new and heterogeneous elements into Hong Kong's industrial structure while enhancing development and moving towards the international market. (3) Jointly support the "One Belt, One Road" construction The "Belt and Road" construction and Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Great Bay Area construction dovetail in five main areas, Hong Kong and Shenzhen should join hands to play an important role. The first is to build a super "port cluster" and "airport cluster" in the Greater Bay Area, and to create a "Belt and Road" international logistics corridor. Optimize the division of labor and cooperation between the two major ports of Hong Kong and Shenzhen to avoid vicious competition. To enhance the international business of Shenzhen Airport and open more international routes to cities along the "Belt and Road". The second is to use the Qianhai Shekou Area of the China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone and the Lok Ma Chau Loop as a platform to organically integrate the features, advantages and functions of the Pilot Free Trade Zone, etc., and focus on introducing various elements and resources from Hong Kong and Macao, integrating the policies of the Pilot Free Trade Zone, the policies on liberalization of trade in services among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and the policies on modern industrial cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, so as to promote cooperation with countries or regions along the "Belt and Road" with the help of policy overlapping effects. The policy overlap effect will be used to promote cooperation with countries or regions along the "Belt and Road". Third, to provide financial services for the "One Belt, One Road" construction. We will focus on the innovative development of cross-border RMB business, interconnection and interoperability of financial markets, facilitation of investment and financing, and liberalization of capital under the Central Bank, and join hands to build a common capital market, so that financial factors and resources can be freely flowed and allocated in Hong Kong and Shenzhen first, and then gradually extended to the entire Greater Bay Area. Fourth, to provide innovative services for the "Belt and Road" construction. To deepen the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen in science and technology, and to make use of Hong Kong's higher education resources, resources of scientific research institutions, advantages of Asia's venture capital management hub, active intellectual property trading and perfect protection system, and high concentration of international information on science and technology innovation to provide services for "One Belt, One Road" cooperation in science and technology innovation. Five is the "Belt and Road" construction to provide a platform for international exchanges. Develop educational training and cultural exchanges for countries or regions along the "Belt and Road". Deepen the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen in training civil servants and personnel of public institutions in countries or regions along the route, attracting young people from countries or regions along the route to come and study abroad, and promoting cultural exchanges for countries or regions along the route. (4) Jointly promote the internationalization of standards and enhance the competitiveness of standards

China's standards are going global. Hong Kong and Shenzhen should further integrate Shenzhen's industrial resources and Hong Kong's international business resources to explore the possibility of assuming the relevant functions of a national standards center, forming and promoting Chinese standards internationally, introducing and digesting international standards for the Mainland, and jointly building and enhancing the competitiveness of standards. We should jointly seek the support of the Central Government to locate the operation and management organizations of national standards centers in some industries or fields in Hong Kong, make use of the institutional advantages of Hong Kong in terms of inspection and testing resources and intellectual property protection, and join hands with Shenzhen and other cities in the Bay Area and leading enterprises in the industry to jointly compile industry standards and product standards, make efforts to promote the internationalization of national standards, and enhance the competitiveness of standards. Hong Kong and Shenzhen can focus on cooperation in the adoption of advanced international and foreign standards. Shenzhen should increase the efforts to transform the existing ISO and IEC standards into its own standards, and gradually increase the adoption of advanced international and foreign standards and the number of areas. Improve industrial product standards, promote product replacement and industrial upgrading. Strengthen the research and development of service standards (amendment), with international standards to regulate the local industry. Selectively carry out research on high-technology standards, focusing on the development of standards in high-technology fields with innovative achievements and independent intellectual property rights, to reverse the passive situation of high-technology standards being subject to control by others. On the basis of the international product standards adopted in Hong Kong, accelerate the adoption of international and foreign advanced standards, and gradually establish an advanced technical standards system to meet the needs of regional economic and industrial structure strategic adjustment, covering three industries, to "adopt international standards" to "participate in the development of international standards " to lay a solid foundation. (E) joint efforts to seize the high point of competition in the marine economy The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has obvious advantages in marine resources, vigorously develop marine resources, the development of marine economy can make up for the lack of resources, space constraints, environmental degradation and other problems in the Greater Bay Area. Hong Kong has the advantage of marine service industry, Shenzhen attaches great importance to the development of marine economy. Hong Kong and Shenzhen can join hands to develop the marine economy and drive the development of the marine economy in the Greater Bay Area. The first is to jointly build a comprehensive service center for the marine economy. Explore the mode and path of convergence between Shenzhen's advantages in science and technology innovation and Hong Kong's advantages in the free port system, gradually form a free port customs supervision system in line with international practices, and seamlessly dovetail in terms of system design and business operation. Establish a platform for international shipping services between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, and introduce a shipping business management center, a document management center, a clearing center and a shipping intermediary to set up institutions in Qianhai. Using Qianhai as an intermediary, Hong Kong and Shenzhen will jointly build a comprehensive service center for the national and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Great Bay Area maritime economy. Second, to promote the integration of Hong Kong and Shenzhen and the Greater Bay Area marine economy. Strengthen the cooperation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen in the development of offshore resources, international shipping center, marine financial services, and the construction of the international legal system of the sea. Take advantage of Hong Kong's leading edge in marine resources management and marine scientific research to broaden the scope of cooperation. Promote the interaction between Hong Kong and Shenzhen ports and the division of terminal business, and build a "Hong Kong-Shenzhen combined port" by relying on road, rail and waterway transportation to achieve seamless connection. To attract multinational companies' operation headquarters, R&D headquarters and procurement centers to Hong Kong and Shenzhen, to build a marine headquarters economy with complementary advantages, and to build a blue headquarters economy operation center for marine transportation, marine finance, marine oil and gas, offshore fishing, cruise yachts and marine emerging industries. Relying on major sea-related projects to build technology and resource sharing platforms to create an international-level marine high-end industry cluster. Third, the joint development of marine economic research. In the process of developing the marine economy, Shenzhen faces a major bottleneck is the lack of research power in the marine economy. Compared with Dalian, Qingdao, Xiamen and other strong marine cities, Shenzhen's marine economy research base, scientific and technological resources, talent team, etc. is relatively weak, and these factors and resources are often an important driving force to promote the development of the marine economy and marine industry. Shenzhen should learn from the experience of strong marine cities in marine resources management and marine scientific research, increase research investment, and cooperate with higher education institutions in Hong Kong and other places to build marine scientific research institutions. The introduction of high-end talents in the field of marine economy should be enhanced to gradually form a multi-level marine talent system, so as to provide intellectual guarantee for the development of marine economy. (6) Joint development of statistical products in Hong Kong and Shenzhen (Greater Bay Area) In the era of big data, innovations in statistical applications are emerging, and traditional record statistics, which process and collate data, are changing to inferential statistics, which make predictions based on sample data, and the depth and breadth of statistical practices are constantly developing, and the comprehensive service functions are constantly improving. The establishment of a statistical indicator system and the development of statistical products are common practices in the world's leading bay areas. Bay Area statistics have an integrated function, which is to link the cities and population, economy and industry, society and people's livelihood, administration and public services, cultural construction and ecological protection in the Greater Bay Area into a whole.

It is also a thermometer and checklist of the health of the economic and social development of the Greater Bay Area, and an important means to showcase the image of the Greater Bay Area, and an important way to enhance the visibility of the Greater Bay Area. In view of the importance of statistics, it is necessary for Hong Kong and Shenzhen to make reference to the practices of the world's first-class bay areas and jointly explore the establishment of a statistical system for the Greater Bay Area, so as to give full play to the role of statistics in promoting and integrating the development of the Greater Bay Area. The first is to make reference to the "Silicon Valley Index" and jointly construct the "Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area Index", so that it can become an important way and means to evaluate and test the current development status of the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area. The index system of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao will be formed on the basis of the Silicon Valley index system, taking into account the actual situation of differences in the statistical systems of the Greater Bay Area. Initially, data from the four central cities of Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou and Shenzhen will be included, and as the economic development of the Greater Bay Area and the index system mature, data from other cities in the Greater Bay Area will be included to continuously improve the Greater Bay Area Index. Second, the joint design and development of Hong Kong and Shenzhen (Greater Bay Area) special statistical products. We will adopt a progressive approach to gradually improve and successively launch Hong Kong-Shenzhen (Greater Bay Area) specific statistical products by launching one product when it is mature and adding one city when the city data is available. Given that Hong Kong's statistical system, statistical methods and statistical continuity and completeness are better in the Greater Bay Area, some of the special statistical products for Hong Kong can be extended to Hong Kong-Shenzhen at the initial stage. (Greater Bay Area) Specialized statistical products. Some of the special statistical products can be used for the full coverage of cities in the Greater Bay Area, such as air and sea freight statistics, R&D investment statistics, patent activity statistics, etc. Some are limited to some cities, such as Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou and Shenzhen headquarters economy statistics, Hong Kong and Shenzhen knowledge economy statistics, Hong Kong and Shenzhen financial statistics, etc. When the conditions are mature, we will develop and design our own special statistics that can reflect the characteristics of the Greater Bay Area. The third is to jointly build a statistical database and a statistical website for the Greater Bay Area. Establish a statistical database and website for Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Greater Bay Area, regularly publish relevant data and statistical products of the Greater Bay Area cities, and continuously enrich the content of the database. Establishing data query function on the website to facilitate users' use. Timely release information on outsourcing of statistical products, and outsource the data collection and processing of some statistical products to non-profit organizations or research institutions (Silicon Valley Index is jointly developed and released by Silicon Valley Union Investment and Silicon Valley Community Foundation, both of which are non-profit organizations). In addition to continuously improving the statistical database of the Greater Bay Area, the designated organization publishes the annual statistical report of the Greater Bay Area on a regular basis to maintain the continuity and timeliness of data updates. (VII) Deepening cooperation in the public sphere In terms of education cooperation, the focus will be on accelerating the development of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen). To introduce the talent cultivation and research management experience of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and to give full play to the exemplary effect and spillover effect of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen). To coordinate the resolution of the differences between the education systems and systems of Hong Kong and the Mainland, to strengthen the convergence and integration of the education systems of Hong Kong and the Mainland in terms of admission, management and academic evaluation systems, to take into account the requirements of Hong Kong and the needs of Shenzhen and the Mainland as far as possible in terms of the academic system and professional settings, and to explore innovative modes of cooperation between domestic and international education. We will strive for national support, relax the policy restrictions on the entry of social funds into domestic and foreign universities, and broaden the sources of funding for the operation of domestic and foreign universities to ensure adequate funding. Accelerate the construction of the second phase of the campus of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), accelerate the establishment of professional disciplines and master's and doctoral admissions, accelerate the formation of a strong academic atmosphere, improve the strength of teachers, and focus on training innovative talents needed for the economic development of Hong Kong, Shenzhen and the Greater Bay Area. In terms of medical cooperation, the first is to develop the market of high-end medical resources. Shenzhen can guide and encourage social capital and foreign capital to organize high-end medical institutions, open up the high-end medical market to Hong Kong medical institutions, and build Shenzhen into another medical center city in the Greater Bay Area where modern medical services are developed. Increase the introduction of high-level medical talents from home and abroad, and support medical institutions to flexibly bring in high-end medical talents to accomplish specific medical tasks. Improve the policies on land, finance, talents, prices and medical insurance, etc., and introduce powerful enterprises, domestic and foreign high-quality medical resources, social charity, foundations and commercial insurance institutions to set up general and specialist hospitals. Second, to promote the healthy development of the University of Hong Kong Hospital in Shenzhen. Further improve the institutional mechanism of the University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, and gradually solve the problem of a single source of funding, the lack of long-term mechanism. Explore the shareholding system of operation, open tender to introduce social capital. Further expand the target group of medical services to provide medical services to Hong Kong residents in Shenzhen and other cities in the Pearl River Delta, so that they can enjoy the same medical services as in Hong Kong outside of Hong Kong; at the same time, increase the efforts to integrate into the medical market in Shenzhen to serve the residents of Shenzhen and neighboring cities.

In terms of cooperation in ecological protection, the focus will be on strengthening cooperation in regulating atmospheric pollution and carbon emissions, as well as the coordination of waste disposal in the two regions. First, to strengthen the coordination of atmospheric pollution and carbon emissions. Sign the joint agreement on the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution and carbon emissions, the fine particulate matter targets in key areas, respirable particulate matter in non-key areas, the reduction of haze days and other indicators as binding indicators, the construction of environmental quality improvement as the core of the responsibility system. Establish a joint prevention and control mechanism for atmospheric pollution, strengthen the supervision of industrial point sources, traffic mobile sources and other pollution sources, and establish a regional monitoring network and emergency response system. Second, strengthen the coordination of Hong Kong and Shenzhen waste disposal. Establish a communication and coordination mechanism between Hong Kong and Shenzhen to avoid the "neighbor avoidance" effect on waste disposal. The expansion, operation and management of landfills in the vicinity of Shenzhen, such as Fanling and Tuen Mun in Hong Kong, should take into full consideration the impact on the Shenzhen environment. In addition, the governments of the two places should establish a good joint mechanism for cooperation on environmental protection in respect of waste disposal methods, so as to promote harmless waste disposal and reduce environmental pollution. (H) take the lead in implementing equal treatment for Hong Kong and Macao residents The implementation of equal treatment for Hong Kong and Macao residents in the Mainland is an important component of the policy measures to facilitate the development of Hong Kong and Macao residents in the Mainland, and is an important safeguard for the stability of "One Country, Two Systems". The implementation of equal treatment for Hong Kong and Macao residents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area mainly refers to the equal treatment for Hong Kong and Macao residents working and living in the Guangdong Pearl River Delta, including the treatment of children's education opportunities, medical services, social security, payment of provident funds, tax rates, and eligibility to purchase housing. In terms of employment and entrepreneurship, the threshold for Hong Kong and Macao personnel to work in the Mainland will be relaxed, and the scope of application will be changed from targeting only elites and talents to covering ordinary Hong Kong and Macao residents who meet the basic requirements. The scope of practice of professionals from Hong Kong and Macao in the Greater Bay Area will be gradually relaxed. We will also develop a method for Hong Kong and Macao residents to apply for civil service and career positions in the Mainland, so that Hong Kong and Macao residents with Mainland university qualifications can apply for the examination directly, and Hong Kong and Macao residents with Hong Kong, Macao and overseas qualifications can also apply for the Mainland civil service after passing the academic qualification examination by the Study Abroad Service Center of the Ministry of Education and satisfying other conditions stipulated in the relevant regulations. In terms of starting a business, the threshold for setting up enterprises in the Greater Bay Area will be further lowered, and restrictions on the scope of business, practitioners and business area for Hong Kong and Macao residents setting up individually owned businesses in the Greater Bay Area will be relaxed. In terms of social services, the policy on the mobility of talents will be relaxed for Hong Kong and Macao residents who have been working and living in the Mainland for a long time, and policies on the portability of benefits, including taxation and social security, as well as the convergence of the systems of both sides will be formulated to ensure that eligible Hong Kong and Macao residents will enjoy the same social security treatment as residents of the Greater Bay Area. To expand the opportunities for Hong Kong and Macao residents to enjoy quality education resources in the Greater Bay Area, and to promote the application of public degrees by cross-boundary students in more cities in the Greater Bay Area. To improve the identity card management system for Hong Kong and Macao residents in the Mainland so that they can enjoy the same treatment as Mainland residents. To promote the integration of Hong Kong and Macao residents into the Greater Bay Area through the implementation of equal treatment for Hong Kong and Macao residents. In this regard, Shenzhen can take effective measures for early and pilot implementation. For example, we can establish a database of information on residents in Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macau, strengthen research on Hong Kong and Macau residents in Shenzhen, and regularize the "Survey on Hong Kong Residents in Shenzhen" project, so as to accurately and immediately grasp the total number, distribution, composition, characteristics and changing trends of this group, and communicate with the relevant departments of the HKSAR Government in a timely manner to provide data support for the formulation of scientific and effective policies. We also communicate with the relevant departments of the HKSAR government to provide data support for the formulation of scientific and effective policies. For example, we will make use of the legislative power of the Shenzhen SAR to formulate laws and regulations on the treatment of Hong Kong and Macao residents in the Mainland at an early stage and on a pilot basis, to explore early policies for Hong Kong and Macao residents to enjoy equal treatment, and to coordinate the consideration of the rights of Hong Kong and Macao residents to enjoy public services in Shenzhen. IV. Conclusion Hong Kong and Shenzhen are geographically connected and economically and socially intertwined. When Shenzhen was established, Hong Kong was already one of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" and was growing like a giant. Forty years later, Hong Kong is a global financial center second only to New York and London, and Shenzhen has developed into a mega-city with a de facto population of about 20 million, a GDP of more than RMB 2 trillion, and a highly active and innovation-driven development model. The gap between the economic and social development levels of Shenzhen and Hong Kong has narrowed rapidly, and Shenzhen has gone from being a laggard to a leader in some areas (e.g. technological innovation), making for a fascinating "Tale of Two Cities" between the two neighboring cities. In this process, Hong Kong and Shenzhen have been the cause and effect of each other. The evolution and upgrading of Hong Kong as a global financial center is due to the support Shenzhen has provided to Hong Kong; Shenzhen has embarked on the path of being an "innovation-led global city" thanks to

We benefit from the full chain of services provided by Hong Kong. Shenzhen would not be the same without Hong Kong, and Hong Kong would not be the same without Shenzhen. It is rare in the history of world urban development that two cities with different systems, separated by a river, work hand in hand.

Looking ahead, in the new era of the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta region will develop into a world-class bay area and metropolitan cluster, a developed economy with a population of more than 100 million, a huge market that will create more new demands and drive the development of more new industries, and a quality living area with world-class ecological and business environments for living, working and visiting. In the process of moving towards this goal, "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" will play an important and unique role as the best city combination.

① ⑩ Wang, J. H., "What's wrong with Hong Kong? , Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2016, pp. 91, 90.

② See S.T. Wang, "A Comparative Analysis of the Development of Hong Kong's Innovation and Technology Sector - Based on the Perspective of the Hong Kong-Shenzhen City Cluster in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" and Fan Gang, "Leading the Development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area by "Double Transformation", in Fang Zhou Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2018, pp. 111-125.

③ Song En-wing and Poon Hok-chi, "Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Greater Bay Area Constructing a Modern Industrial System for Collaborative Development: Hong Kong's Role as an International Service Hub," in Li Xiao-hui, ed.

④Cai Chimeng, "The Construction of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area: Theoretical Framework and the Role of Hong Kong," Macao: Macao Polytechnic Journal, No. 1, 2019.

⑤ The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council: Outline of the Development Plan for the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2019, p. 1. Other paragraphs in this paper also use text from the Outline of the Plan, and since the quotations are more obvious, they are not noted.

(6) In June 1998, Wu Jiawei proposed the concept of "Hong Kong-Shenzhen Bay Area" at the Fifth Senior Advisor Meeting of Shenzhen Municipal Government: "From the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, go north to Shenzhen, cross the 'Second Line' to reach Baoan District in Shenzhen, pass Huangtian Airport and enter Dongguan; cross the Humen Bridge to the west and enter Nansha at the southern end of Panyu City; then go south, enter Zhongshan, go to Zhuhai and reach Macao; finally cross the sea, enter Zhongshan, go to Zhuhai and enter Macao. The journey will take us to the south, to Zhongshan, to Zhuhai, to Macau, and finally to the east across the sea to return to the Hong Kong SAR. This is a one-day journey around the southern part of the Pearl River Delta. For the past few years, I have called it

The 'Hong Kong Bay Area'. Twenty years later, people will call what I call the 'Hong Kong Bay Area' the 'Hong Kong-Shenzhen Bay Area'." Zhong Jian, "Study on the Development Patterns of the World's Special Economic Zones," Beijing: China Economic Press, 2006, p. 151.

(7) For a discussion of this section, see Y.C. Chang, "Cooperation between Shenzhen and Hong Kong," in Chen, D., ed:

40 Years of Reform and Opening up and Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Co.

2019, pp. 160-164.

(8) The penetration of Hong Kong R&D into the Shenzhen industry is based on the author's interview with a person in charge of technology transfer at a Hong Kong university. In addition, the author interviewed an entrepreneur from Shenzhen to Silicon Valley, whose company is based on the "Silicon Valley Innovation - Hong Kong Design - Shenzhen Productization" model.

⑨ The authors measure similarly between "Hong Kong + Shenzhen" and Singapore in 2017.

The results are largely consistent with the situation in 2014. See Wang Jixian, "What's Wrong with Hong Kong? (p. 90).

Lui, D. L., "A Globalized City with Borders: Hong Kong in a Changing Context after 1997," Guangzhou: Contemporary Hong Kong and Macau Studies, No. 1, 2014.

Author: Zhang Yuge, Director, Institute of Hong Kong, Macau and Regional Development, China (Shenzhen) Institute of Comprehensive Development. Shenzhen, Guangdong 518029

[ Editor-in-charge Liu Zesheng]